Shown on this slide are the general test conditions for surge noise. The left side shows an ESD input waveform and test conditions defined in IEC61000-4-2. Although the maximum level of IEC61000-4-2 is level 4 (8 kV direct; 15 kV in atmosphere), Panasonic’s ESD protection Zener diodes are tested at a level beyond Level 4 to ensure high reliability in applications that are equipped with the device. The right side shows a waveform and test conditions assuming that a surge generated by overvoltage due to switching or transient phenomena of lightning defined in IEC61000-4-5 is applied to a power line or signal line. The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is the global organization that prepares and publishes international standards for electrical, electronic, and related technologies.